What is the main purpose of marine protected areas (MPAs)?

The main purpose of marine protected areas (MPAs) is to conserve marine biodiversity and restore habitats. MPAs are designated zones in ocean waters where human activities are managed to protect the natural environment and the species that inhabit it. By establishing these areas, the aim is to preserve the ecological integrity of marine ecosystems, allowing for the recovery of overexploited species and the conservation of unique habitats such as coral reefs, kelp forests, and seagrass beds.

These protections can help maintain biodiversity, ensure healthy fish populations, and support ecosystem services that these environments provide. Additionally, healthy marine ecosystems contribute to the overall health of the ocean, which is essential for the planet's climate regulation and for supporting human activities such as fishing and tourism in a sustainable manner in the long term.

The other options fail to capture the holistic goals of MPAs. While increasing fishing opportunities might be a potential indirect benefit of MPAs through improved ecosystem health, it is not the main purpose. Restricting all human activities is also not the objective, as MPAs can still allow certain sustainable activities. Increasing industrial activities in coastal regions is contrary to the principles of marine conservation, which seeks to limit harmful impacts on marine environments.