What is upwelling in marine science?

Upwelling in marine science refers to the movement of water from deeper ocean layers to the surface. This process is vital for marine ecosystems because deeper waters tend to be rich in nutrients, which have settled from the upper layers of the ocean. When upwelling occurs, these nutrient-laden waters rise and support high productivity in areas where this phenomenon takes place, such as along coastlines or at certain oceanic fronts.

This rise of nutrient-rich water enables the growth of phytoplankton, which forms the foundation of the marine food web. As a result, areas of upwelling are often associated with abundant marine life and significant fisheries. Understanding upwelling is essential for comprehending how oceanic processes contribute to global biodiversity and the productivity of marine ecosystems.